dna

In the 1950s, DNA double helix structure have been elucidated, opened a new chapter of life science, science and technology, new era. Then, the molecular mechanism of genetic copy, the genetic code -- DNA genetic information transmission center, as a rule, the basic unit of the genetic blueprint of cell engineering and gene and gene expression is one of the regulation. Thus, people have fully realize the fate of all creatures mastery of DNA, and it is contained in the genes, biological evolution process and the process of life, is different because of different operational track and DNA.
Know the major function and value of DNA, life scientists first thought can in some and closely related to the interests of the human nature in the iron break the law, heredity gene come to school in people with the purpose, treating the genetic fragments from different sources ", "to create new grafting new quality... so, with a full allure of science fiction miraculously become a reality. It happened in the early 1970s.
This scientific technology is miracle. DNA restructuring In 1972, American scientists Paul? The first successful restructuring, the first batch of DNA molecules in the world, marks the DNA restructuring technology -- genetic engineering as modern biology engineering foundation, become the modern biotechnology and life science foundation and the core.
Recombinant DNA techniques of concrete content is using artificial means different sources of a particular gene DNA fragments to restructure, change biology gene types and specific genes as a result of high science and technology.
Came late 1970s, because the engineering bacteria and DNA and have engineering properties of post-processing, genetic engineering or genetic engineering as DNA restructuring synonymous with technology is widely used. Now, genetic engineering, include the genome sequence analysis, nucleic acid molecular evolution analysis, molecular immunology, gene cloning, genetic diagnosis and gene therapy, etc. Say, DNA founded nearly 30 years restructuring technology to the great achievements obtained by the people have the incredible fantastic science, won the world of human life and preventing and treating illnesses open secrets "box" key.
Currently, DNA restructuring technology has many achievements. Recombinant DNA of the 20th century, to the largest technology applications in medicine, including active protein and vaccine peptide, the production, the disease occurrence mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of separation, new genes and environment monitoring and purification.
Many active peptides and proteins with treatment and prevention of diseases, they are from the corresponding gene. But due to the organization cells, so using yield a conventional methods to get enough for the clinical application.
Genetic engineering is a breakthrough in the limitations, to this kind of peptides and proteins, we have successfully produced in the treatment of diabetes and schizophrenia, leukemia and some insulin resistance of cancer therapeutic entity for treatment of disease, dwarf -- interferon human growth hormone therapy acromegaly and acute pancreatitis suppression of growth hormone release of product factor etc.
Genetic engineering can also will live on the DNA into the antigen such microbes by microorganisms, immunological stress in the host body growth can produce as weak, poison and stimulate doses of antigen long duration. Currently developing genetic engineering vaccine had dozens of many aspects, in dealing with leprosy coli bacteria are against e., pertussis, neisseria gonorrhoeae ShuangQiuJun etc, meningitis, In dealing with hepatitis a virus is for hepatitis b, cytomegalovirus,, herpes simplex, influenza, HIV vaccine... etc. China hepatitis b carriers and hepatitis b patients 1200 million, this situation as more Chinese scientists spurred by successfully developed hepatitis b vaccine made great social benefits and economic benefits.
Antibodies are the body's immune system is one of the main weapon disease resistance, founded in the 1970s monoclonal antibody technique in preventing disease-resistant aspects though plays an important role, but because it is difficult to achieve single RenYuan sex resistance, single resistance in the clinical application of limited. To solve this problem, in recent years, scientists using DNA restructuring technology has gained RenYuan sexual antibody, the antibody can guarantee the antigen and specificity and loyalty, and ensure the normal functions. Currently, there are many such antibodies in clinical trials, such as the resistance of single RenYuan special genetic marker, known as her2 breast cancer has entered the resistance test, Ⅲ period of single resistance RenYuan IGE Ⅱ has entered the period of treatment of asthma experiment.
Antibiotics in the treatment of the disease has played an important role in increasing Numbers, with antibiotics, with traditional methods and new antibiotic that chance. In order to obtain more new antibiotic, using DNA restructuring technology has become an important means of. People have won dozens of genetic engineering "heterozygous" for the clinical application of antibiotic, opening a new treatment.
As noted above mentioned gene engineering peptide, protein, vaccines, antibiotics, not only in drug prevention and control effectively avoid disease, but in some aspects in traditional method is also often similar drugs, thus producing more people.
Human diseases are directly or indirectly related with genes, at the genetic level on the diagnosis and treatment of disease, can achieve diagnostic accuracy of the etiology and primitivism, and can make the diagnosis and treatment of work to high sensitivity and specificity, convenient quickly. Gene level in diagnosis and treatment in professional called gene diagnosis and gene therapy. Currently genetic diagnosis as the fourth generation of clinical diagnosis technology has been widely applied to genetic diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, virus disease and parasitic disease germs such diagnosis, And the object of gene therapy is through DNA restructuring specific functions of the technology to create a genetic recombination, to make up for lost, the function of genes, and to increase or a correction or abnormal cells.
In theory, gene therapy is ZhiBen cured without any adverse effects of therapy. However, although has more than 100 international gene therapy scheme is in clinical trials, but the gene therapy in theory and technology of some problems still make this treatment from the large scale application and a long distance. Whether the gene causes or implementation of genetic diagnosis, gene therapy, research mechanism, the disease is the key to understand the prerequisites for specific diseases related gene. With the human genome project ", "the scientists to human genes will get all the comprehensive understanding, which is formed by genetic restructuring to human health technology to create the conditions.
However, though genetic technology to human shows its fantastic "magic" as the charm, but also has a large number of scientists to this technology development and ecological ethic evolution to the human nature impact showed great concern. Theoretically, this technology is to make the development of a perfection of human have created any life forms or never had the ability of biology. People can imagine how this will be the result?
Scientists in DNA found outside the genetic code unless the new password
According to reports, the United States and Taiwan, they have Israeli scientists believe in DNA (to liu, except the genetic code) found outside the second password. New password for decision -- namely nuclear body of DNA protein surrounded by the position (--. The reel and protection and control of the way to DNA itself.
The findings could open, if that higher rates of relevant control mechanism of genetic information. For example, every kind of human cells to activate the genes needed, but can't touch other kinds of genes, used by cells is the key and mysterious process.
The institute of w) stuffed with America, northwestern university of Wisconsin meal and colleagues in the issue of "natural" scientific journals in writing, described the new password DNA.
Each individual cells are engaged in SanQianWanGe nuclear body. The nuclei are needed so much, because each line of DNA coated paper. Only a nuclear body, each DNA contains hundred units of a spiral of chromosomes, and a single DNA molecules in length may have as a unit 225 million.
Biologists have suspected for years, some of the DNA, especially those most easily bend DNA, may be more advantageous than other position of nuclear, but overall pattern is not obvious. Nowadays, dr wylton liger and analyzed approximately 200 position within the yeast gene sequence, these are both known nuclear body intertwined, they found a really exist hidden.
Through the understanding of this model, their successful predictions about five other organisms nucleation body position. This model is more easily bend can make DNA, and close the bag check two sequences. But in this mode, every body position of nuclear intertwine only several sequence, so it doesn't appear. Because of its formation conditions are loose and therefore does not conflict with the genetic code.