dna effect

Genetic Engineering See: molecular biology and genetic engineering Recombinant DNA technology in modern biology and biochemistry in the wide application of the so-called recombinant DNA, the collection is that made by other DNA sequence of artificial DNA, can plastid or vector carrying the desired format, the transition to DNA Of the individual in the [127]. After genetic transformation, after the Department of organisms that can be used to produce recombinant proteins, for medical research using [128], or planted in agriculture [129] [130]. [Edit] forensic forensics See: genetic fingerprint analysis Can make use of forensic crime scene left by the blood, semen, skin, hair or saliva in the DNA, to identify the possible perpetrators. This process is called genetic fingerprinting or DNA characteristics of this comparative analysis of different human individuals to repeat many of the DNA fragment length, these DNA fragments, including short tandem repeat sequences, such as small satellites and, in general is the most reliable criminals Identification Technology [131]. But if people from the crime scene DNA contamination, will become more complex difficult [132]. First in 1984, the development of DNA characteristics of the people is a British geneticist Alaikejie Frisbie [133]. By 1988, the British murder suspect Kelin Pi Qi Fuke, as a result of the first characteristics of DNA evidence against the convicted person [134]. Use of specific types of crime, the DNA samples, can establish a database to help investigators solve some only from the DNA samples collected at the scene of the old cases. In addition, DNA characteristics of major can also be used to identify disaster victims in the [135]. [Edit] History and Anthropology See also: a study of the species and genetic Genealogy As DNA in a period of time after experiencing some of the accumulation of genetic mutations capacity, which contains historical information, via the DNA sequence, so that geneticists understand the evolution history of organisms, that is, species [136]. These kinds of research is part of a school, but also conducive to the evolution of biological tools. If the species within the scope of the DNA sequence to compare, then groups of specific ethnic groups that geneticists can of history. This method from the application of genetics to ecological anthropology, for example, DNA evidence has been trying to search for the missing 10 tribes of Israel [137] [138]. DNA can also be used to investigate the relatives of modern family relations, such as Thomas Jefferson and Construction莎丽海明斯between the descendants of the family relationship on the way with the criminal investigation is similar, sometimes certain criminal investigations The reason why the case can be resolved, because the crime scene DNA and relatives of the perpetrators of the DNA match [139]. [Edit] bioinformatics See: bioinformatics Bioinformatics affect the use of DNA sequence information, search and data mining, and development of a variety of storage and search for DNA sequencing technology, can be further used in computer science, especially string search algorithm, machine learning and database Theory [140]. Search or string than the algorithm is the sequence from the larger or more letters, looking for a single sequence of letters or the emergence of a small number of locations, can be developed to search for a specific nucleotide sequence [141]. In other text editor such as the application, usually a simple algorithm can be used to solve the problem, but only a small number of identifiable characteristics of the DNA sequence, but the method of operation of these bad. Sequence than to try to identify the homologous sequence, and these sequences have a mission targeting the specific differences in mutation position, which the multiple sequence alignment technology can be used to study the kinds of relationships and protein function [142]. From the entire genome contains the information posed by the large number of DNA sequences, such as the Human Genome Project study. To each of every gene on chromosome, and the location of genes responsible for the regulation and control are marked out, will be very difficult. DNA sequence of RNA or protein coding characteristics of the region, can be used to identify gene identification algorithm out, so that researchers are conducting experiments before, predicted the body may be demonstrated by the special gene products [143]. [Edit] DNA computer See: DNA computing DNA in the first computing application is a solution of the NP-complete small direct Hamilton path [144]. DNA can be used as the "software", the message written in nucleotide sequence, and to enzymes or other elements as "hardware" to read or modified. For example, the hardware as the restriction enzyme FokI can carry a section of the software functions GGATG sequence DNA, then the DNA fragments to other input, and to respond to complex hardware and software, the final output another DNA [145]. Such a device similar to Turing machine can be used in drug treatment. In addition DNA computing in energy consumption, space requirements and efficiency is superior to electronic computers, and DNA computing is a highly parallel (see parallel computing) the method of calculation. Many other issues, including the simulation of a variety of abstract machines, Boolean meet the problem, and the sector of the travel salesman problem, both the use of DNA computing was done analysis [146]. Since the close of compact, DNA has become part of the theory of cryptography, in particular the use of DNA is able to effectively construct and use the one-time password can not resolve this