genetic level above 99 percent is the same

Any two people at the genetic level above 99 percent is the same, only a small part of the genome sequences vary from person to person. Understand these differences can help us understand human disease susceptibility, and environmental factors on drug response of the different. "Genomics Research Institute in Shenzhen, Dr. Ye Jia accept the" scientific Times "told reporters. In recent years, a large number of epidemiological investigation and study results showed that the incidence of certain diseases in the existence of significant differences among different races. If the incidence of hypertension in white for 5% to 7%, while in blacks could be as high as 20 percent to 30 percent, the lowest yellow people. China's different ethnic groups among the incidence of hypertension there are also significant differences. However, this difference is come from » Study found that the genome of different people at least 99.99 percent of the base pairs are the same, only less than 0.01 percent of the existence of differences. However, this is called "single nucleotide polymorphisms" the DNA bases on a single chain of change, not only the people decide whether or not susceptible to certain diseases, but also between different races decided in height, colour and size Such as the difference. At present the relationship of these scientists also know little about. April 14, 2003, from the United States, Britain, Japan, France, Germany and Chinese scientists to participate in the six countries, known as "life sciences landing program," The Human Genome Project, completed by the 3 billion base pairs of The key to the human genome sequence of DNA sequencing work plan. CAS academicians, the National Human Genome Research Center of the South Executive Director, said researcher Zhao Ping, has completed the human genome (sequence) from different ethnic origin of the five individual, is a reference atlas. In order to health and medical applications, the scientific community must recognize different types of people in the sequence between the differences and these differences in health and disease and the mutual relations, until the last to understand these differences to the table of the mechanism. Mr Jia said with emotion: "2007, sequencing technology was a great breakthrough in sequencing capacity as a hundredfold increase, the cost of sequencing a hundredfold fall. DNA Father James Watson, genomics pioneer J. Craig Venter personal genome And 'Yanhuang on the 1st,' the first Chinese person has complete genome. These are carried out for 1,000 genome project laid the foundation. " Goals: a high-precision genetic variation map The current human genetic variation data, such as the human genome haplotype map (HapMap), has been confirmed that the value of human genetic research. Haplotype map and the use of relevant data, scientists have discovered more than 100 common diseases associated with the human genome region. However, due to the existing patterns of fine is not enough, researchers often need to both expensive and time-consuming DNA sequencing to further precision to find disease genes and their variability. Genome project through the 1,000-painted on the new map will allow researchers to more quickly identified and disease-related gene mutation, thereby able to use such genetic information more quickly develop common disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention of new Strategy. "It aims to end a very high accuracy and cover nearly all of the genome map of genetic variation, to provide the basis of human genetic variation information for the study of human-specific diseases." Mr Jia said. The so-called 1,000 genome project is not only sequenced the genome of 1,000 individuals, but to sequence more than 1,000 personal genome. The first is his personal genome sequenced the entire genome to understand the situation and then proceed to a large number of individual genome comparative analysis. According to Jia Ye, 1,000 genome project's first phase will take about one year, three experimental pilot projects that the results will be used to determine how efficient and cost-effectively drawing this map of human genetic differences. The first pilot project will include two experimental nuclear families (parents and a grown-up children) the whole genome sequencing depth of each genome sequencing, the average depth is 20 times that of repeated 20 times. This six individual generated by comprehensive and detailed data sets, this plan will help determine how to use new sequencing platform to identify genetic variation. This is both a personal genome on a method of exploration, will also serve as the whole scheme of other projects to compare the foundation. The second pilot experiment project will conduct 180 individual shallow sequencing of each genome is twice the average depth. This will be used to test new sequencing technology LIGHT sequencing data for detection and location of the sequence variation capacity. The third project will pilot test of the 1000 Personal 1000 coding regions (also called exons) of the sequence, its purpose is to explore how better to be about 2 percent of the genome of protein coding genes of a more detailed map. 1,000 Genome Project sequencing work will be Britain's Sanger Institute, China's Shenzhen, Genomics Research Institute, and including the Broad Institute, Washington University School of Medicine Genome Sequencing Center and Baylor College of Human Genome Sequencing Center, U.S. Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of large-scale sequencing platform shared. Mr Jia said: "This is a project of international cooperation, Shenzhen, Genomics Research Institute as a major commitment to one of the existing cooperation in information systems unit of the State Engineering Research Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Beijing Genome Institute, hope to have An increasing number of research institutions in. " Means: low-cost efficient sequencing technology 1990, the U.S. Congress formally approved the Human Genome Project. The human genome project took 13 years and cost about 3 billion U.S. dollars, during which a total of six of the 16 national laboratories more than about 1,100 biologists and computer experts involved in the human history of the largest scientific research. "1,000 genome project so ambitious project two years ago is not imagination, are now able to start due to sequencing technology, bioinformatics and genomics groups such as the development of disciplines and technological progress." Mr Jia said. Mr Jia told reporters that "Yanhuang No. 1" in the work of overcoming a lot of technical problems, and accumulated a lot of experience and methods. For example, the completion of "Yanhuang 1" Genome Sequencing the time, Chinese scientists and a good grasp on the application of the genome as a personal basis of the next generation of sequencing technology and the establishment of a large number of follow-up analysis, the splicing method, all For 1,000 genome project has laid a good foundation. Although the sequencing technology and a significant reduction in cost, but sequencing a genome or individual pieces of a very extravagant things. May 31, 2007, the Nobel laureate, known as "DNA of the father" of the United States become a world famous scientist詹姆斯沃森first solo version of the genome owner, but the cost of up to 2 million U.S. dollars. Watson completed DNA sequencing work of the United States 454 life sciences companies Jonathan Rothberg, founder and president, said: "We are in a 10,000 U.S. dollars gene map forward, will soon be reduced to 1,000 U.S. dollars." Genome project will be 1,000 Use of several new high-throughput sequencing platform, through the establishment of more efficient and lower-priced new sequencing technology, the plan will ultimately cost could be reduced to 30-50 million U.S. dollars, time shortened to three years. Mr Jia also said: "Although a great breakthroughs in science and technology, but sequencing a person's genome will be temporarily in the cost of 10 million yuan on. Hope in the near future, with the sequencing of the lower cost, work Constantly improve the speed, each of us can get our own genome, as we go to the hospital for an X-ray inspection as easy. " In co-sponsor and participate in the international genome project of 1,000 at the same time, Shenzhen, Genomics Institute of China also initiated the "Yanhuang plan" so that a wider study of the Chinese population genetic variation, high-resolution mapping of the Chinese people Patterns of genetic variation. Published in the first of China's high-quality genome - "Yanhuang 1", launched the second phase of the "Yanhuang 99" plan, the study will be 99 individual Chinese people to genome sequencing and polymorphism Comparison. Shenzhen, Genomics Research Institute to participate in 1,000 Genome Project completed the sequencing Chinese samples will serve as "Yanhuang" part.